See -ler on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
],
[
"Sattler",
"Sattler#German"
],
[
"Ziegler",
"Ziegler#German"
],
[
"-eln",
"-eln#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rebracketing of stems ending in -l and the suffix -er, in words like Sattler, Ziegler, and in derivations from diminutive verbs in -eln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ler m (strong, genitive -lers, plural -ler)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, object; similar to -er, but usually attached to nouns, not verbs."
],
"id": "en--ler-de-suffix-eXqkboc8",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/De--ler.ogg/De--ler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/De--ler.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-v",
"2": "trunc",
"3": "replace"
},
"expansion": "-ler (n-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aki (“currency, price”) -> akilerpaa (“pays”)"
},
{
"text": "ateq (“name”) -> atserpaa (“names, gives a name to”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"provides with"
],
"id": "en--ler-kl-suffix-a9xU3GJP",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "v-v",
"2": "trunc"
},
"expansion": "-ler (v-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:kl-suffix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"has begun to [verb], is about to [verb], is in the process of [verb]ing"
],
"id": "en--ler-kl-suffix-BsH9rKGj",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ler",
"-ler#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ler"
},
"expansion": "German -ler",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German -ler.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, or object."
],
"id": "en--ler-lb-suffix-8EA0KTEW",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-lär",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-lär"
],
[
"ـلر",
"لر#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"ـلر",
"ـلر#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـلر",
"ـلر#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"*-ler",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ler"
],
[
"-сем",
"-сем#Chuvash"
],
[
"ـڛَم",
"ڛم#Bulgar"
],
[
"*sāyïn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sāyïn"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـلر",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Anatolian Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـلر\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"trk-oat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـلر\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"-ler\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"-ler\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-cmn-pro",
"3": "*-ler"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *-ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-lar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-сем"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash -сем (-sem)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "ـڛَم"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar ـڛَم",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـلر",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلر, ultimately from Proto-Common Turkic *-ler, a plural suffix which is absent from Proto-Turkic. Found as Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar) (back variant) but not found in the sister Oghur branch (compare Chuvash -сем (-sem), Bulgar ـڛَم), where it descended from *sāyïn (“every”). The Chuvash plural suffix, however, lacks vowel harmony unlike other suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çiçek (“flower”) + -ler → çiçekler (“flowers”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"text": "Bu ülkede daima Mustafa Kemaller olacak.",
"translation": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"text": "Teyzemlere gideceğiz.",
"translation": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plurals of nouns."
],
"id": "en--ler-tr-suffix-EkdOjNQj",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[leɾ]",
"note": "before vowels or at end of speech"
},
{
"ipa": "[læɾ]",
"note": "before consonants"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
],
[
"Sattler",
"Sattler#German"
],
[
"Ziegler",
"Ziegler#German"
],
[
"-eln",
"-eln#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rebracketing of stems ending in -l and the suffix -er, in words like Sattler, Ziegler, and in derivations from diminutive verbs in -eln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ler m (strong, genitive -lers, plural -ler)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German rebracketings",
"German suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, object; similar to -er, but usually attached to nouns, not verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/De--ler.ogg/De--ler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/De--ler.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Greenlandic lemmas",
"Greenlandic suffixes",
"Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:kl-suffix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-v",
"2": "trunc",
"3": "replace"
},
"expansion": "-ler (n-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aki (“currency, price”) -> akilerpaa (“pays”)"
},
{
"text": "ateq (“name”) -> atserpaa (“names, gives a name to”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"provides with"
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Greenlandic lemmas",
"Greenlandic suffixes",
"Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:kl-suffix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "v-v",
"2": "trunc"
},
"expansion": "-ler (v-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"has begun to [verb], is about to [verb], is in the process of [verb]ing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ler",
"-ler#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ler"
},
"expansion": "German -ler",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German -ler.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, or object."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-lär",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-lär"
],
[
"ـلر",
"لر#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"ـلر",
"ـلر#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـلر",
"ـلر#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"*-ler",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ler"
],
[
"-сем",
"-сем#Chuvash"
],
[
"ـڛَم",
"ڛم#Bulgar"
],
[
"*sāyïn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sāyïn"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـلر",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Anatolian Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـلر\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"trk-oat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـلر\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"-ler\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"-ler\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-cmn-pro",
"3": "*-ler"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *-ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-lar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-сем"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash -сем (-sem)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "ـڛَم"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar ـڛَم",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـلر",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-lär\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـلر\nOttoman Turkish ـلر (-ler, -lar)\nTurkish -ler\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلر, ultimately from Proto-Common Turkic *-ler, a plural suffix which is absent from Proto-Turkic. Found as Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar) (back variant) but not found in the sister Oghur branch (compare Chuvash -сем (-sem), Bulgar ـڛَم), where it descended from *sāyïn (“every”). The Chuvash plural suffix, however, lacks vowel harmony unlike other suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Turkish entries with etymology trees",
"Turkish entries with etymon",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Common Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Common Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çiçek (“flower”) + -ler → çiçekler (“flowers”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"text": "Bu ülkede daima Mustafa Kemaller olacak.",
"translation": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"text": "Teyzemlere gideceğiz.",
"translation": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plurals of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[leɾ]",
"note": "before vowels or at end of speech"
},
{
"ipa": "[læɾ]",
"note": "before consonants"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ler meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'a / ı / o / u'",
"path": [
"-ler"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'e / i / ö / ü'",
"path": [
"-ler"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ler",
"Template:kl-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Greenlandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.